Global online trade in primates for pets

Nijman, Vincent and Morcatty, Thais Q. and El Bizri, Hani R. and Al-Razi, Hassan and Ang, Andie and Ardiansyah, Ahmad and Atoussi, Sadek and Bergin, Daniel and Bell, Sarah and Braga-Pereira, Franciany and Campera, Marco and Das, Nabajit and Silva, Felipe Ennes and Feddema, Kim and Foreman, Grace and Fourage, Anna and Gnanaolivu, Smitha D. and Hansen, Malene Friis and Račevska, Elena and Rapone, Brittany C. and Regmi, Ganga Ram and Shepherd, Chris R. and Shukhova, Sofiya and Siriwat, Penthai and Smith, Jaima H. and Mir Mohamad Tabar, Seyed Ahmad and Tavares, Aline S. and Weldon, Ariana V. and Wilson, Angelina and Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki and Zhang, Mingxia and Svensson, Magdalena S. and Anne-Isola Nekaris, K. (2023) Global online trade in primates for pets. Environmental Development, 48. ISSN 22114645

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Abstract

The trade in primates as pets is a global enterprise and as access to the Internet has increased, so too has the trade of live primates online. While quantifying primate trade in physical markets is relatively straightforward, limited insights have been made into trade via the Internet. Here we followed a three-pronged approach to estimate the prevalence and ease of purchasing primates online in countries with different socioeconomic characteristics. We first conducted a literature review, in which we found that Malaysia, Thailand, the USA, Ukraine, South Africa, and Russia stood out in terms of the number of primate individuals being offered for sale as pets in the online trade. Then, we assessed the perceived ease of purchasing pet primates online in 77 countries, for which we found a positive relationship with the Internet Penetration Rate, total human population and Human Development Index, but not to Gross Domestic Product per capita or corruption levels of the countries. Using these results, we then predicted the levels of online primate trade in countries for which we did not have first-hand data. From this we created a global map of potential prevalence of primate trade online. Finally, we analysed price data of the two primate taxa most consistently offered for sale, marmosets and capuchins. We found that prices increased with the ease of purchasing primates online and the Gross Domestic Product per capita. This overview provides insight into the nature and intricacies of the online primate pet trade and advocates for increased trade regulation and monitoring in both primate range and non-range countries where trade has been substantially reported. © 2023 The Authors

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Cited by: 12; All Open Access, Green Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access
Subjects:	B Life Science > Environmental Science
Divisions:	Department of > Environmental Science
Depositing User:	Mr Umendra uom
Date Deposited:	01 Dec 2025 10:44
Last Modified:	01 Dec 2025 10:44
URI:	http://eprints.uni-mysore.ac.in/id/eprint/18155

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