Unleashing the effect of engineered high-performance S-scheme n–n–n heterojunction g-C3N4/SnO2/Bi2S3 as a dual photo-electrocatalyst for water splitting

Kulkarni, Sneha Narayan and Amasegowda, Akhila and Manjunath, Hemavathi and Jadhav, Arvind H. and Lokanath, N. K. (2026) Unleashing the effect of engineered high-performance S-scheme n–n–n heterojunction g-C3N4/SnO2/Bi2S3 as a dual photo-electrocatalyst for water splitting. Fuel, 405. p. 136593. ISSN 0016-2361

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Abstract

A novel dual S-scheme n–n–n ternary heterojunction composed of g-C3N4 nanosheets, SnO2 nanorods, and Bi2S3 nanoflowers was designed for enhanced photo/electrocatalytic hydrogen generation and methylene blue photodegradation. The ternary g-C3N4/ SnO2/Bi2S3 nanocomposite was synthesized via in-situ growth-assisted hydrothermal approach, improving light absorption from visible to NIR regions. The heterojunction capitalizes on the unique electronic properties of each component, ensuring efficient charge separation and minimizing electron-hole recombination. The dual S-scheme mechanism enhances redox capabilities, improving photocatalytic activity. Experimental results confirmed that the optimized g-C3N4/SnO2/Bi2S3 nanocomposite achieved a hydrogen evolution rate of 16,020 μmol g−1h−1, significantly surpassing pure and binary counterparts. It also demonstrated 96 % methylene blue degradation and enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction activity, exhibiting the highest current density (−517.71 mA cm−2) with a low overpotential (266 mV). Lower Tafel slope values (122.66 mV dec−1) indicate improved reaction kinetics, facilitating H+ adsorption during hydrogen evolution. The material's low charge transfer resistance confirms high conductivity, further enhancing its catalytic efficiency. The dual functionality of g-C3N4/SnO2/Bi2S3 makes it a promising material for clean energy and wastewater treatment. This study highlights the potential of S-scheme heterostructures in advancing catalytic technologies.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Photo/electrocatalysis, Hydrogen evolution reaction, S-scheme heterojunction, Ternary heterojunction
Subjects:	C Chemical Science > Chemistry
Divisions:	Department of > Physics
Depositing User:	C Swapna Library Assistant
Date Deposited:	12 Nov 2025 05:52
Last Modified:	12 Nov 2025 05:52
URI:	http://eprints.uni-mysore.ac.in/id/eprint/17911

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