Recent Advances in Biological Removal of Chlorpyrifos from the Environment

Kiran, M. and Sindhu, R. and Raju, N. S. and Supreeth, M. (2025) Recent Advances in Biological Removal of Chlorpyrifos from the Environment. International Journal of Environmental Research, 19 (5). ISSN 17356865

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Abstract

Organophosphorus pesticides are primarily implicated in agricultural practice to protect crops against pests and diseases and to meet large economic demands of the ever increasing population. Chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphorus pesticide member has been identified as an emerging contaminant worldwide; the pervasive use of which is documented to be hazardous to humans and the environment. The deleterious effects are attributed to the stable persistence of the pesticide (CPF) and its metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) in the environmental habitats affecting soil microbial ecosystems, accelerating bioaccumulation, eventually threatening terrestrial and marine organisms in food webs. Hence, effective and sustainable strategies that focus on on-site degradation of CPF are critically looked forward. Microbial remediation processes have attracted considerable interest in recent years, offering an effective and eco-friendly approach by converting CPF to non-toxic forms. Microbial-mediated degradation is assisted by a broad spectrum of bacteria and fungi causing enzymatic breakdown of CPF. Although several reports highlight on microbial-mediated biodegradation of CPF, bioconversions that produce less harmful intermediates are anticipated. Recent advances indicated novel technologies utilizing microbial-plant symbiotic systems in mitigating toxic effects of CPF. The approach benefits from reducing CPF to safer levels and minimizing the formation of toxic metabolites. However, factors including pH, temperature, nutrient amendments, and soil moisture, needs optimization for maximizing effective bioremediation, contributing to a safer and healthier environment. The review highlights recent advances in CPF removal from environment, emphasising on on-site bioremediation strategies through microbial communities and microbial-plant symbiotic systems providing valuable insights for future researchers, ecologists, and botanists. © University of Tehran 2025.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bioremediation; Chlorpyrifos; Environmental toxicity; Organophosphorus; Pesticides
Subjects:	B Life Science > Environmental Science
Divisions:	Department of > Environmental Science
Depositing User:	Vasantha library uom
Date Deposited:	04 Dec 2025 05:35
Last Modified:	04 Dec 2025 05:35
URI:	http://eprints.uni-mysore.ac.in/id/eprint/18187

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