The action of Echis carinatus and Naja naja venoms on human neutrophils; an emphasis on NETosis

Swetha Kumar, B. and Naveen Kumar, S. K. and Girish, K. S. and Kemparaju, K. (2020) The action of Echis carinatus and Naja naja venoms on human neutrophils; an emphasis on NETosis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects, 1864 (6). ISSN 1872-8006

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Abstract

Background: Neutrophils are the first line defense cells of the innate immunity. As a final defense, they discharge their de-condensed chromatin/DNA fibers, the NETs (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps), by a process called NETosis. Two types of NETosis have been currently described: the suicidal/delayed/classical-type, which is ROS dependent that results in the ejection of nuclear DNA, and the vital/rapid/early-type, which may or may not require ROS but, eject nuclear/mitochondrial DNA or both. Thus, Echis carinatus and Naja naja venoms are comparatively studied for their NET inducing property. Methods: Formation of NETs, cell viability, ROS, and Ca2+ levels are estimated. An in vivo toxicity study and possible cellular signaling have been addressed using immunoblots and pharmacological inhibitors. Results: E. carinatus and N. naja venoms respectively induce suicidal and vital NETosis. E. carinatus venom induces NETosis by activating NOX and PAD-4 enzymes in a ROS dependent manner via PKC/ERK/JNK signaling axis, while N. naja venom does it by activating PAD-4 enzyme, but independent of ROS requirement and as well as PKC/ERK/JNK activation. Conclusion: For the first time our study demonstrates the distinct action of E. carinatus and N. naja venoms on the process of NETosis. NETosis being a newly explored area in snake venom pharmacodynamics, it is important to study its impact on the various pathophysiological properties induced by snake venoms. Significance: Understanding the varied actions of snake venoms on neutrophils/blood cells and the role of DNase are likely to provide insights for better management of snakebite pathophysiology.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Echis carinatus; Naja naja; Suicidal NETosis; Vital NETosis; Reactive oxygen species; Calcium ions
Subjects:	C Chemical Science > Biochemistry
Divisions:	Department of > Biochemistry
Depositing User:	Mr Umendra uom
Date Deposited:	19 Feb 2021 05:10
Last Modified:	04 Mar 2026 06:11
URI:	http://eprints.uni-mysore.ac.in/id/eprint/15578

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